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Xylitol

Chemical Name: Xylitol

CAS Numbers: 87-99-0

Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular, sweet taste, similar to sucrose

Storage and transportation characteristics: sealed, dry, ventilated, moisture-proof, avoid high temperature and direct sunlight

Type Of Transportation: By Air/By Sea/By Train/By Express

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Detail

Xylitol, a naturally occurring pentitol (five-carbon sugar alcohol), has the chemical formula C5H12O5 and a molecular weight of 152.15. It is a white crystalline compound with a sweet taste, structurally similar to glucose but with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to each carbon atom. It is naturally present in fruits, vegetables, and plant fibers, and can also be industrially produced by the hydrogenation of xylose, which is derived from hemicellulose (such as corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse). In industry, it is usually sold as a white crystalline solid, powder, or granules, with high purity and no harmful additives; it is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and daily chemical fields due to its low-calorie and non-cariogenic properties.

Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol sweetener widely used as a low-calorie sugar substitute in food, beverage, oral care, and pharmaceutical applications. It is typically supplied as a white crystalline powder with excellent sweetness, cooling effect, and low glycemic response.

Chemical Properties and Performance Characteristics

Chemical Properties

Stability: Xylitol is highly stable under normal temperature and pressure, not easy to decompose, and has good compatibility with most food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is a weakly acidic compound (pKa ~12.76) and does not undergo the Maillard reaction with amino compounds, which means it will not cause browning when mixed with proteins or amino acids during processing and storage. It is soluble in polar solvents and stable in aqueous solutions, not easily oxidized by air or light.

Thermal Stability: Its melting point is about 92–96 °C, and its boiling point is 215–217 °C. It is a crystalline solid at room temperature, with good thermal stability; it will melt when heated above its melting point and boil at its boiling point without obvious decomposition. It can withstand high temperatures during food processing (such as baking, boiling) without producing harmful substances, making it suitable for various food manufacturing processes.

Toxicity and Irritation: Xylitol is non-toxic and non-irritating to the human body. It is a safe food additive and can be metabolized in the human body without relying on insulin, making it suitable for diabetics. Ingestion of excessive amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort (such as bloating, diarrhea) due to its poor absorption in the intestines, but it is harmless to the human body in normal use. It has no irritation to the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, and is safe for daily contact.

Combustibility: Xylitol is flammable, with a flash point of 210 °C (closed cup). It can burn when exposed to open flame or high temperature, and its combustion products are mainly carbon dioxide and water, which are non-toxic and harmless. It needs to be stored away from open flames and high-temperature heat sources to avoid fire, but it has good safety in conventional storage and use.

Performance Characteristics

Physical Appearance: It is a white crystalline solid, powder, or granules, odorless, with a sweet taste (about 1.2 times the sweetness of sucrose). It has good fluidity and is not easy to agglomerate when stored in a dry environment; it may absorb a small amount of moisture in humid air, so it is recommended to store it in a cool, dry, and sealed container.

Solubility: It is very soluble in water (168 g/100 mL at 25 °C), slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether. Its aqueous solution is colorless and transparent, with a neutral to slightly acidic pH (5.0–7.0 for 10% aqueous solution). The solubility increases with the increase of temperature, which is convenient for preparation and use in various aqueous systems.

Sweetness and Caloric Value: Xylitol has a pure sweet taste, similar to sucrose but without the bitter aftertaste. Its caloric value is about 2.4 kcal/g, which is much lower than sucrose (4 kcal/g), making it an ideal low-calorie sweetener. It is non-cariogenic because it cannot be fermented by oral bacteria to produce acid, which can effectively prevent tooth decay.

Metabolic Characteristic: Unlike sucrose and glucose, xylitol can be metabolized in the human body without the participation of insulin, so it does not cause a significant increase in blood glucose levels. This characteristic makes it suitable for diabetics, obese people, and other groups that need to control sugar intake, and it is widely used in sugar-free food and pharmaceutical products.

Technical Data Sheet (Xylitol)

Parameter	Value	PH Range	4–8
Melting point	92–96 °C	Odor Threshold	No data available
Boiling point	215–217 °C	Odor Type	Odorless
Density	1.515 g/cm³ (25 °C)	Explosive limit	Not applicable
Vapor density	No data available	Water Solubility	168 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Vapor pressure	0.00247 mmHg (25 °C)	λmax	No UV absorption in visible range
Refractive index	1.506 (20 °C)	JECFA Number	213
FEMA	3326	Merck	14, 10158
Fp (Flash point)	210 °C (closed cup)	BRN	1722428
Storage temp.	Cool, dry place; sealed container	Henry’s Law Constant	No data available
Solubility	Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in ether	Exposure limits	No official OEL; avoid dust inhalation
Form	White crystalline solid / powder / granules	Dielectric constant	No data available
pKa	~12.76 (weakly acidic)	Stability	Stable under normal conditions; non-reactive with amino compounds (no Maillard reaction)
Specific Gravity	1.515 (25 °C)	LogP	-3.0 (estimated)
Color	White	CAS DataBase Reference	87-99-0 (CAS Number)
PH	5.0–7.0 (10% aqueous solution)	NIST Chemistry Reference	Xylitol (87-99-0)
Odor	Odorless	EPA Substance Registry System	87-99-0 (CAS Number)

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Xylitol Sweetener Applications

Xylitol is a safe, low-calorie, non-cariogenic sugar alcohol with excellent stability, solubility, and sweet taste. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, daily chemical, and other fields, especially suitable for groups that need to control sugar intake. Its main applications are as follows:

Food Industry

It is an important low-calorie sweetener in the food industry, widely used in sugar-free food and beverages. It is used in sugar-free candies, chewing gums, chocolates, biscuits, and pastries to replace sucrose, providing a pure sweet taste without causing tooth decay or increasing blood glucose levels. It is also used in fruit juices, beverages, and dairy products to adjust sweetness and improve taste, and can prevent browning of food due to its non-reactivity with amino compounds.

Pharmaceutical Industry

In the pharmaceutical industry, xylitol is used as an excipient, sweetener, and humectant. It is added to oral preparations (such as tablets, capsules, syrups, and mouthwashes) to improve the taste of drugs, making them easier to take. It is also used in the preparation of sugar-free drugs for diabetics, as it does not rely on insulin for metabolism. In addition, it has a certain humectant effect and can be used in ointments and creams to keep the skin moist.

Daily Chemical Industry

In the daily chemical industry, it is used in the production of toothpaste, mouthwash, and skin care products. In toothpaste and mouthwash, it can prevent tooth decay by inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria and reducing acid production, and its sweet taste can improve the taste of oral care products. In skin care products (such as lotions, creams, and masks), it acts as a humectant, helping the skin retain moisture, keeping the skin soft and smooth, and is suitable for all skin types.

Healthcare Products

It is widely used in healthcare products, especially sugar-free health supplements. It is added to health products such as vitamins, probiotics, and dietary fibers to provide a sweet taste without increasing calorie intake, suitable for diabetics, obese people, and people who pay attention to health. It also has a certain laxative effect in appropriate amounts, helping to improve intestinal function.